What is the primary function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

The primary function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction is to lower the activation energy of the reaction. This means that a catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction, which requires less energy to proceed compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. By reducing the activation energy, a catalyst accelerates the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.

Catalysts do not change the overall energy balance of the reaction, meaning they do not alter the amount of energy released or absorbed, nor do they change the products formed by the reaction. Instead, their role is strictly focused on enhancing the reaction rate, which allows the reactants to convert into products more efficiently.

This function is critical in various chemical processes, especially industrial ones, where reaction rates can significantly impact production efficiency.