What is the term used to describe materials that allow electricity to flow easily?

The term that describes materials allowing electricity to flow easily is conductors. Conductors possess a high density of free charges, which facilitate the movement of electrons when an electric field is applied. This property makes them essential in electrical wiring and various electronic components, as they can efficiently transmit electrical energy with minimal resistance.

In contrast, insulators are materials that resist the flow of electric current, allowing little to no charge movement. Semiconductors have electrical properties that fall between conductors and insulators, meaning they can conduct electricity under certain conditions, such as when they are doped with impurities or subjected to certain voltages. Dielectrics are materials that do not conduct electricity but can store electrical energy in an electric field, acting instead as insulators in capacitors. Each of these materials has unique characteristics and applications, but it is conductors that specifically enable the easy flow of electricity.