Which method primarily facilitates heat transport from the sun to Earth?

The correct choice is electromagnetic radiation, as this is the primary method by which heat and energy are transmitted from the sun to the Earth. The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, which include visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation. These waves travel through the vacuum of space and reach the Earth, where they are absorbed, warming the planet.

Conduction and convection are methods of heat transfer that occur in the presence of matter. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, while convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Since space is a vacuum, conduction and convection do not play a role in the energy transport from the sun to Earth, making them unsuitable for explaining this process.

Friction is a force that arises when two surfaces interact and can generate heat, but it is not a method for transporting energy from the sun to the Earth. Thus, electromagnetic radiation is the only appropriate choice for describing how solar energy reaches our planet.